The Travels of Marco Polo The famous explorer Marco Polo was born in the year 1254 to a family of merchants. Even then, the city where he was born-Venice-was a center for commerce and trading in the Mediterranean region. 100 dollar slot machine jackpot. Because Marco's family was wealthy, he received a good education, learning. Marco Polo 2014 TV-MA 2 Seasons TV Dramas Set in a world of greed, betrayal, sexual intrigue and rivalry, 'Marco Polo' is based on the famed explorer's adventures in Kublai Khan's court. The Marco Polo Network is working with Financial Institutions, Corporates and Technology & Service Providers to remove the barriers preventing them from operating at their best. Financial institutions need to meet increasingly rigorous risk management and compliance requirements and are constantly challenged to develop new solutions. 'The Travels of Marco Polo, from valuable early manuscripts recently published by the French Society of Geography and in Italy by Count Baldelli Bone. With copious notes, illustrating the route and observations of the author, and comparing them with those of more recent travellers.' Free Download (below donate buttons). Marco Polo 2014 TV-MA 2 Seasons TV Dramas Set in a world of greed, betrayal, sexual intrigue and rivalry, 'Marco Polo' is based on the famed explorer's adventures in Kublai Khan's court.
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Marco Polo, (born c. 1254, Venice [Italy]—died January 8, 1324, Venice), Venetian merchant and adventurer who traveled from Europe to Asia in 1271–95, remaining in China for 17 of those years, and whose Il milione ('The Million'), known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo, is a classic of travel literature.
What was Marco Polo's family like?
The Polos were likely shrewd, alert, and courageous; they traded with the Middle East and acquired considerable wealth and prestige. Marco Polo's father, Niccolò, and uncle, Maffeo, continued this legacy. Traveling east as far as Mongol emperor Kublai Khan's summer residence, Shangdu, they established friendly relations with him before returning to Europe as his ambassadors.
What did Marco Polo do?
Marco Polo was 17 or 18 when he began his journey from Venice to the farthest reaches of the Mongol empire. Living among the emperor's dominions, with his father and uncle, as an advisor and emissary for 16 or 17 years, he returned to Venice by way of Hormuz (aboard ship) and Constantinople (overland).
Why was Marco Polo so influential?
Marco Polo's account in Il milione opened new vistas to the European mind, and, as Western horizons expanded, Polo's legacy grew as well. The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries, during the age of the great European voyages of discovery and conquest. Zeus iii slot machine.
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Marco Polo, (born c. 1254, Venice [Italy]—died January 8, 1324, Venice), Venetian merchant and adventurer who traveled from Europe to Asia in 1271–95, remaining in China for 17 of those years, and whose Il milione ('The Million'), known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo, is a classic of travel literature.
What was Marco Polo's family like?
The Polos were likely shrewd, alert, and courageous; they traded with the Middle East and acquired considerable wealth and prestige. Marco Polo's father, Niccolò, and uncle, Maffeo, continued this legacy. Traveling east as far as Mongol emperor Kublai Khan's summer residence, Shangdu, they established friendly relations with him before returning to Europe as his ambassadors.
What did Marco Polo do?
Marco Polo was 17 or 18 when he began his journey from Venice to the farthest reaches of the Mongol empire. Living among the emperor's dominions, with his father and uncle, as an advisor and emissary for 16 or 17 years, he returned to Venice by way of Hormuz (aboard ship) and Constantinople (overland).
Why was Marco Polo so influential?
Marco Polo's account in Il milione opened new vistas to the European mind, and, as Western horizons expanded, Polo's legacy grew as well. The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries, during the age of the great European voyages of discovery and conquest. Zeus iii slot machine.
What were Marco Polo's other accomplishments in Asia?
Kublai Khan sent Marco Polo on fact-finding missions to distant parts of the empire, including visits to Yunnan (and possibly Myanmar [Burma]) and through southeastern China to 'Quinsay' (now Hangzhou). He escorted a Mongol princess, with his father and uncle, by sea to Hormuz, and by land to Khorasan, during his return voyage to Venice.
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Travels of the Polo family
Polo's way was paved by the pioneering efforts of his ancestors, especially his father, Niccolò, and his uncle, Maffeo. The family had traded with the Middle East for a long time, acquiring considerable wealth and prestige. Although it is uncertain if the Polos were of the nobility, the matter was of little importance in Venice, a city of republican and mercantile traditions.
The family appears to have been shrewd, alert, and courageous; about 1260 they foresaw a political change in Constantinople (e.g., the overthrow of the Crusaders who had ruled since 1204 by Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261), liquidated their property there, invested their capital in jewels, and set off for the Volga River, where Berke Khan, sovereign of the western territories in the Mongol Empire, held court at Sarai or Bulgar. Grand eagle no deposit bonus codes. The Polos apparently managed their affairs well at Berke's court, where they doubled their assets. When political events prevented their return to Venice, they traveled eastward to Bukhara (Bokhara) and ended their journey in 1265, probably at the grand khan's summer residence, Shangdu (immortalized as Xanadu by English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge). Establishing friendly relations with the great Kublai Khan, they eventually returned to Europe as his ambassadors, carrying letters asking the pope to send Kublai 100 intelligent men 'acquainted with the Seven Arts'; they also bore gifts and were asked to bring back oil from the lamp burning at the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
Polo's journey to Asia
Little is known about Marco's early years except that he probably grew up in Venice. He was age 15 or 16 when his father and uncle returned to meet him and learned that the pope, Clement IV, had recently died. Niccolò and Maffeo remained in Venice anticipating the election of a new pope, but in 1271, after two years of waiting, they departed with Marco for the Mongol court. In Acre (now ʿAkko, Israel) the papal legate, Teobaldo of Piacenza, gave them letters for the Mongol emperor. The Polos had been on the road for only a few days when they heard that their friend Teobaldo had been elected pope as Gregory X. Returning to Acre, they were given proper credentials, and two friars were assigned to accompany them, though they abandoned the Polos shortly after the expedition resumed.
From Acre the travelers proceeded to Ayas ('Laiazzo' in Marco's writings, now Yumurtalik, on the Gulf of İskenderun, also called the Gulf of Alexandretta, in southeastern Turkey). During the early part of 1272, they probably passed through Erzurum, in what is now eastern Turkey, and Tabrīz, in what is now northern Iran, later crossing inhospitable deserts infested with brigands before reaching Hormuz on the Persian Gulf. There the Polos decided not to risk a sea passage to India and beyond but to proceed overland to the Mongol capital.
They next traveled through deserts of 'surpassing aridity' toward the Khorasan region in what is now eastern Iran. Turning gradually to the northeast, they reached more hospitable lands; Badakhshān ('Balascian'), in Afghanistan, in particular, pleased the travelers. Marco suggests that they remained there for a year; detained, perhaps, by illness (possibly malaria) that was cured by the benign climate of the district. It is also believed that Marco visited territories to the south (other parts of Afghanistan, Kafiristan in the Hindu Kush, Chitral in what is now Pakistan, and perhaps Kashmir) during this period. It is, however, difficult to establish which districts he traversed and which he may have described from information gathered en route.
Leaving Badakhshān, the Polos proceeded toward the Pamirs, but the route they followed to cross these Central Asian highlands remains uncertain. Descending on the northeastern side of the chain, they reached Kashi ('Cascar') in what is now the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. By this point the Polos were on the main Silk Road, and they probably followed along the oases to the south and east of the Takla Makan Desert—Yarkant ('Yarcan'), Hotan ('Cotan'), Che'erchen ('Ciarcian'), and Lop Nur (Lop Lake). These stepping-stones led to Shazhou ('Saciu') on the borders of China, a place now called Dunhuang.
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Before reaching Shazhou, the Polos had traveled primarily among Muslim peoples, though they also encountered Nestorian Christians, Buddhists, Manichaeans, and Zoroastrians. In the vast province of Gansu (called 'Tangut' by Marco), an entirely different civilization—mainly Buddhist in religion but partly Chinese in culture—prevailed. The travelers probably stopped in Suzhou ('Sukchu'; now Jiuquan) and Ganzhou ('Campiciu'; now Zhangye) before entering the Ningxia area. It is not clear whether they reached the Mongol summer capital of Shangdu ('Ciandu') directly or after a detour; in any event, sometime in 1275 (1274, according to the research of Japanese scholar Matsuo Otagi) the Polos were again at the Mongol court, presenting the sacred oil from Jerusalem and the papal letters to their patron, Kublai Khan.
- born
- c. 1254
Venice?, Italy
- died
- January 8, 1324
Venice, Italy
